Bên cạnh PHÂN TÍCH ĐỀ THI 30/5/2020 IELTS WRITING TASK 2 (kèm bài sửa HS đạt 6.5), IELTS TUTOR cũng cung cấp Đề thi IELTS READING: Corporate Social Responsibility.

Broadly speaking, proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case: moral obligation, sustainability, license to operate, and reputation. The moral appeal – arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing” – is prominent in the goal of Business for Social Responsibility, the leading nonprofit CSR business association in the United States. It asks that its members “achieve commercial success in ways that honour ethical values and respect people, communities, and the natural environment. “Sustainability emphasises environmental and community stewardship.

A. An excellent definition was developed in the 1980s by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlen Brundtland and used by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development: “Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Nowadays, governments and companies need to account for the social consequences of their actions. As a result, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become a priority for business leaders around the world. When a well-run business applies its vast resources and expertise to social problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact than any other organization. The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission from governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders to justify CSR initiatives to improve a company’s image, strengthen its brand, enliven morale and even raise the value of its stock.

B. To advance CSR. we must root it in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society. Successful corporations need a healthy society. Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential lo a productive workforce. Safe products and working conditions not only attract customers but lower the internal costs of accidents. Efficient utilization of land, water, energy, and other natural resources makes business more productive. Good government, the rule of law, and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation. Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies from exploitation. Ultimately, a healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human needs are met and aspirations grow. Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary. At the same time, a healthy society needs successful companies. No social program can rival the business sector when it comes lo creating the jobs, wealth, and innovation that improve standards of living and social conditions over time.

C. A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve and science progresses. Asbestos, now understood as a serious health risk was thought to be safe in the early 1900s, given the scientific knowledge then available. Evidence of its risks gradually mounted for more than 50 years before any company was held liable for the harms it can cause. Many firms that failed to anticipated the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted by the results. No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today. Without a careful process for identifying evolving social effects of tomorrow, firms may risk their very survival.

D. No business can solve all of society’s problems or bear the cost of doing so. Instead, each company must select issues that intersect with its particular business. Other social agendas are best left to those companies in other industries, NGOs, or government institutions that are better positioned to address them. The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value – that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business. Each company can identify the particular set of societal problems that it is best equipped to help resolve and from which it can gain the greatest competitive benefit.

E. The best corporate citizenship initiatives involve far more than writing a check: They specify clear, measurable goals and track results over time. A good example is General Electronics’s program to adopt under-performing public high schools near several of its major U.S. facilities. The company contributes between $250,000 and $1 million over a five-year period to each school and makes in-kind donations as well. GE managers and employees take an active role by working with school administrators to assess needs and mentor or tutor students. In an independent study of Ion schools in the program between 1989 and 1999, nearly all showed significant improvement, while the graduation rate in four of the five worst performing schools doubled from an average of 30% to 60%. Effective corporate citizenship initiatives such as this one create goodwill and improve relations with local governments and other important constituencies. What’s more, GE’s employees feel great pride in their participation. Their effect is inherently limited, however. No matter how beneficial (he program is, it remains incidental to the company’s business, and the direct effect on GE’s recruiting and retention is modest.

F. Microsoft s Working Connections partnership with the American Association of Community Colleges (AACC) is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context. The shortage of information technology workers is a significant constraint on Microsoft’s growth; currently, there are more than 450,000 unfilled IT positions in the United States alone. Community colleges, with an enrollment of 11.6 million students, representing 45% of all U.S. undergraduates, could be a major solution. Microsoft recognizes, however, that community colleges face special challenges: IT curricula are not standardized, technology used in classrooms is often outdated, and there are no systematic professional development programs to keep faculty up to date. Microsoft’s $50 million five-year initiative was aimed at all three problems. In addition to contributing money and products, Microsoft sent employee volunteers to colleges to assess needs, contribute to curriculum development, and create faculty development institutes. Microsoft has achieved results that have benefited many communities while having a direct-and potentially significant-impact on the company.

G. At the heart of any strategy is a unique value proposition: a set of needs a company can meet for its chosen customers that others cannot. The most strategic CSR occurs when a company adds a social dimension to its value proposition, making social impact integral to the overall strategy. Consider Whole Foods Market, whose value proposition is to sell organic, natural, and healthy food products to customers who are passionate about food and the environment. The company’s sourcing emphasises purchases from local farmers through each store’s procurement process. Buyers screen out foods containing any of nearly 100 common ingredients that the company considers unhealthy or environmentally damaging. The same standards apply to products made internally. Whole Foods’ commitment to natural and environmentally friendly operating practices extends well beyond sourcing. Stores are constructed using a minimum of virgin raw materials. Recently, the company purchased renewable wind energy credits equal to 100% of its electricity use in all of its stores and facilities, the only Fortune 500 company to offset its electricity consumption entirely. Spoiled produce and biodegradable waste are trucked to regional centers for composting. Whole Foods’ vehicles are being converted to run on biofuels. Even the cleaning products used in its stores are environmentally friendly. And through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation to develop more natural and humane ways of raising farm animals. In short, nearly every aspect of the company’s value chain reinforces the social dimensions of its value proposition, distinguishing Whole Foods from its competitors.

Questions 14-20

Reading passage has seven paragraphs, A–G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of heading below. Write the correct number, i-viii, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i. How CSR may help one business to expand
ii. CSR in many aspects of a company’s business
iii. A CSR initiative without a financial gain
iv. Lack of action by the state of social issues
v. Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR
vi. The past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes
vii. Companies applying CSR should be selective
viii. Reasons that business and society benefit each other
14. Paragraph A

15. Paragraph B

16. Paragraph C

17. Paragraph D

18. Paragraph E

19. Paragraph F

20. Paragraph G

Questions 21-22

Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage of each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 21-22 on your answer sheet.

The implement of CSR, HOW?
Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence between business and society. Corporations workers’ productivity generally needs healthcare, education, and given 21......... Restrictions imposed by government and companies both protect consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement ofthe safety standard can reduce the 22........ of accidents in the workplace. Similarly society becomes a pool of more human needs and aspirations.

Questions 23-26

Look at the following opinions or deeds (Questions 23-26) and the list of companies below. Match each opinion or deed with the correct company, A, B or C. Write the correct letter, A, B or C in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.

NB You may use any letter more than once.

A. General Electronics
B. Microsoft
C. Whole Foods Market
23. The disposable waste

24. The way company purchases as goods

25. Helping the undeveloped

26. Ensuring the people have the latest information

1. Proponents

Definition: People who support a particular idea or cause.
Vietnamese: Người ủng hộ.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Proponents of CSR have used four arguments to make their case.
Example in Vietnamese: Những người ủng hộ CSR đã sử dụng bốn lập luận để đưa ra quan điểm của họ.

2. Moral obligation

Definition: A duty to act in a way that is considered morally right.
Vietnamese: Nghĩa vụ đạo đức.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The moral appeal – arguing that companies have a duty to be good citizens and to “do the right thing”.
Example in Vietnamese: Lời kêu gọi đạo đức – lập luận rằng các công ty có nghĩa vụ trở thành những công dân tốt và “làm điều đúng đắn”.

3. Sustainability

Definition: The ability to maintain or continue without causing harm to the environment or society.
Vietnamese: Sự bền vững.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Sustainability emphasises environmental and community stewardship.
Example in Vietnamese: Sự bền vững nhấn mạnh việc quản lý môi trường và cộng đồng.

4. Stewardship

Definition: The responsible management and care of something, especially resources.
Vietnamese: Sự quản lý, chăm sóc có trách nhiệm.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Sustainability emphasises environmental and community stewardship.
Example in Vietnamese: Sự bền vững nhấn mạnh việc quản lý và chăm sóc môi trường, cộng đồng có trách nhiệm.

5. Tacit

Definition: Understood or implied without being stated openly.
Vietnamese: Ngầm, không nói ra.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The notion of license to operate derives from the fact that every company needs tacit or explicit permission.
Example in Vietnamese: Khái niệm “giấy phép hoạt động” xuất phát từ thực tế rằng mỗi công ty cần sự cho phép ngầm hoặc rõ ràng.

6. Stakeholders

Definition: Individuals or groups with an interest in the decisions and activities of a business.
Vietnamese: Các bên liên quan.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Governments, communities, and numerous other stakeholders.
Example in Vietnamese: Chính phủ, cộng đồng và nhiều bên liên quan khác.

7. Interrelationship

Definition: A mutual connection or relationship between two or more things.
Vietnamese: Mối quan hệ qua lại.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: We must root CSR in a broad understanding of the interrelationship between a corporation and society.
Example in Vietnamese: Chúng ta phải đặt CSR vào sự hiểu biết sâu rộng về mối quan hệ qua lại giữa công ty và xã hội.

8. Equal opportunity

Definition: The right to be treated the same as others, regardless of differences such as race, gender, or economic background.
Vietnamese: Bình đẳng cơ hội.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Education, health care, and equal opportunity are essential to a productive workforce.
Example in Vietnamese: Giáo dục, chăm sóc sức khỏe và bình đẳng cơ hội là điều cần thiết để có lực lượng lao động hiệu quả.

9. Property rights

Definition: Legal ownership of resources and the ability to use them as desired.
Vietnamese: Quyền sở hữu tài sản.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Good government, the rule of law, and property rights are essential for efficiency and innovation.
Example in Vietnamese: Chính phủ tốt, luật pháp và quyền sở hữu tài sản rất cần thiết cho sự hiệu quả và đổi mới.

10. Regulatory standards

Definition: Official rules or requirements that businesses must follow.
Vietnamese: Tiêu chuẩn quy định.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Strong regulatory standards protect both consumers and competitive companies from exploitation.
Example in Vietnamese: Tiêu chuẩn quy định chặt chẽ bảo vệ cả người tiêu dùng và các công ty cạnh tranh khỏi sự bóc lột.

11. Aspiration

Definition: A hope or ambition to achieve something.
Vietnamese: Khát vọng.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: A healthy society creates expanding demand for business, as more human needs are met and aspirations grow.
Example in Vietnamese: Một xã hội lành mạnh tạo ra nhu cầu ngày càng tăng, khi nhiều nhu cầu của con người được đáp ứng và khát vọng gia tăng.

12. Illusory

Definition: Based on illusion; not real.
Vietnamese: Hão huyền, không thực tế.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory.
Example in Vietnamese: Bất kỳ doanh nghiệp nào theo đuổi mục tiêu của mình mà gây thiệt hại cho xã hội nơi nó hoạt động sẽ thấy thành công của mình là hão huyền.

13. Evolution

Definition: The gradual development of something over time.
Vietnamese: Sự tiến hóa, phát triển.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: A company’s impact on society also changes over time, as social standards evolve.
Example in Vietnamese: Tác động của một công ty đối với xã hội cũng thay đổi theo thời gian, khi các tiêu chuẩn xã hội phát triển.

14. Anticipate

Definition: To expect or predict something.
Vietnamese: Dự đoán.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Many firms that failed to anticipate the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted.
Example in Vietnamese: Nhiều công ty không dự đoán được hậu quả của nghiên cứu này đã bị phá sản.

15. Context

Definition: The circumstances or setting in which something occurs.
Vietnamese: Bối cảnh.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Microsoft’s Working Connections partnership is a good example of a shared-value opportunity arising from investments in context.
Example in Vietnamese: Quan hệ đối tác Working Connections của Microsoft là một ví dụ tốt về cơ hội tạo giá trị chung phát sinh từ các khoản đầu tư trong bối cảnh.

16. Shared value

Definition: A situation where both the company and society benefit.
Vietnamese: Giá trị chung.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: The essential test that should guide CSR is whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value.
Example in Vietnamese: Tiêu chí quan trọng để định hướng CSR là liệu nó có mang lại cơ hội tạo ra giá trị chung hay không.

17. Philanthropy

Definition: The act of donating money, goods, or time to help others or society.
Vietnamese: Từ thiện.
IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ từ bài đọc: Through its philanthropy, the company has created the Animal Compassion Foundation.
Example in Vietnamese: Thông qua hoạt động từ thiện, công ty đã tạo ra Quỹ Động vật Nhân ái.

1. Mệnh đề danh ngữ (Noun Clauses) với "that" và "whether"

• Giải thích: Mệnh đề danh ngữ hoạt động như một danh từ trong câu. Chúng có thể bắt đầu bằng các từ như "that", "whether", "what", "how", "who", v.v. Các mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng "that" thường diễn tả một sự thật hoặc ý kiến, trong khi mệnh đề "whether" diễn tả sự lựa chọn hoặc nghi ngờ.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "The essential test that should guide CSR is not whether a cause is worthy but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value – that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also valuable to the business." (Đoạn D)
• Ví dụ đơn giản: "The important question for CSR is not just if a cause is good, but if it can create shared value. Shared value means it benefits both society and the company."

2. Cấu trúc đảo ngữ (Inversion)

• Giải thích: Đảo ngữ xảy ra khi trật tự thông thường của chủ ngữ và động từ trong câu bị đảo ngược. Điều này thường được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần nào đó của câu, đặc biệt là các trạng từ hoặc cụm trạng từ đứng đầu câu.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "No longer can companies be content to monitor only the obvious social impacts of today." (Đoạn C)
• Ví dụ đơn giản: "Companies can no longer just watch the clear social effects of today."

3. Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn (Reduced Relative Clauses)

• Giải thích: Mệnh đề quan hệ (bắt đầu bằng "who", "which", "that") có thể được rút gọn bằng cách bỏ đại từ quan hệ và động từ "to be", hoặc chuyển động từ chính sang dạng V-ing (nếu động từ mang nghĩa chủ động) hoặc dạng quá khứ phân từ (nếu động từ mang nghĩa bị động).
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Any business that pursues its ends at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be illusory and ultimately temporary." (Đoạn B)
• Ví dụ đơn giản: "Any business pursuing its goals by harming society will find its success fake and short-lived."

4. Cấu trúc so sánh kép (Double Comparatives)

• Giải thích: Cấu trúc này diễn tả sự tương quan giữa hai sự thay đổi, thường bắt đầu bằng "The + so sánh hơn ..., the + so sánh hơn ...".
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Trong bài đọc này không có ví dụ điển hình về cấu trúc so sánh kép. Tuy nhiên, một ví dụ tương tự có thể là: "The more a company invests in CSR, the better its reputation becomes."

5. Sử dụng các liên từ phức tạp và trạng từ liên kết (Complex Conjunctions and Conjunctive Adverbs)

• Giải thích: Các liên từ phức tạp (ví dụ: "as long as", "in order that", "on the condition that") và trạng từ liên kết (ví dụ: "however", "furthermore", "consequently", "nevertheless") được sử dụng để tạo mối quan hệ phức tạp giữa các ý trong câu và giữa các câu.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "When a well-run business applies its vast resources and expertise to social problems that it understands and in which it has a stake, it can have a greater impact than any other organization." (Đoạn A)
• Ví dụ đơn giản: "If a good business uses its resources and knowledge to help with social problems it knows well and cares about, it can have a bigger impact than other groups."

6. Cấu trúc nhấn mạnh với "it is/was ... that/who" (Cleft Sentences)

• Giải thích: Cấu trúc này được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần cụ thể của câu bằng cách tách nó ra và đặt nó sau "it is/was" và trước "that/who".
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: Trong bài đọc này không có ví dụ điển hình về cấu trúc nhấn mạnh. Tuy nhiên, một ví dụ có thể là: "It is the company's commitment to sustainability that truly distinguishes it from its competitors."

7. Sử dụng động từ nguyên thể hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành (Perfect Infinitives and Perfect Participles)

• Giải thích: Động từ nguyên thể hoàn thành ("to have + past participle") diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước hành động của động từ chính. Phân từ hoàn thành ("having + past participle") diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn thành trước một hành động khác.
• IELTS TUTOR xét ví dụ: "Many firms that failed to anticipated the consequences of this evolving body of research have been bankrupted by the results." (Đoạn C)
• Ví dụ đơn giản: "Many companies that did not foresee the results of this changing research went bankrupt." (Ở đây, "failed to anticipate" có thể được coi là một cách diễn đạt phức tạp, và việc sử dụng phân từ hoàn thành sẽ là "Having failed to anticipate...")

IELTS TUTOR lưu ý:

• 14. v
• 15. viii
• 16. vi
• 17. vii
• 18. iii
• 19. i
• 20. i
• 21. equal opportunity
• 22. internal costs
• 23. C
• 24. C
• 25. A
• 26. B

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