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Lawrence Johnston and Hidcote Garden

Robin Lane Fox writes about the American genius behind a remarkable garden in the English Cotswolds

Today, the National Trust in the UK administers hundreds of public gardens, while sixty-odd years ago there was only one, Hidcote Manor near the English village of Chipping Campden. In 1949 Hidcote attracted a mere 600 visitors and took all of £30 during its first public season. Nowadays, Hidcote is famous worldwide as a masterpiece of design and planting, attracting 150,000 visitors and raising nearly £1 million from entrance tickets annually. Hidcote Garden was the creation of an American in Britain, the shy Major Lawrence Johnston, who came to live on the site in 1907 with his widowed mother, Gertrude Winthrop. In some respects Winthrop feared her son's talents for expensive landscape gardening and never allowed him full access to the family's funds. Nonetheless, with her inspiration and guidance Johnston started his design in 1908 and brought it to a peak in the early 1930s when he was in his 60s. He may rightly be ranked at this time beside Harold Nicolson and Vita Sackville-West, creators of Sissinghurst, his garden's only surviving equal.>> tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?

Graham Thomas was tasked with reviving Hidcote, and he had to manage without these crucial documents. Thomas knew that for the gardens to be a commercial success he needed to extend those areas that were of most interest to the general public, so he introduced new plants and a Mediterranean Bank where Johnston had had nothing of the sort, while retaining the existing superb structure of avenues and evergreen rooms. As a result, since 1949, the visiting public has innocently been admiring Thomas's flower plantings, not Johnston's own. When the important designer Russell Page had visited Hidcote in 1934 he had hailed the half-hardy plants in the summer house as one of the highlights. But Thomas later got rid of them and pulled the house down, fearing such relatively colourless exhibits would not capture the public's imagination.

Then, in 2002, Johnston's old diaries and notebooks resurfaced. The present head gardener had started to give lectures about Hidcote's lost early designs, during which he appealed for memories from his audience. A few months later, a woman approached him with a box of papers she had found in her attic. They were the missing records, including Johnston’s original planting lists and detailed sketches. This discovery prompted a major reassessment of the garden's history. Curators could now distinguish between Johnston’s original vision and the later modifications. A debate began on whether to restore parts of the garden to its 1930s heyday, a complex project that would involve removing some of Thomas's popular additions. The diaries also revealed Johnston’s meticulous notes on plant sourcing from his expeditions to China and South Africa, highlighting his dedication and global influence. This find has allowed historians to fully appreciate the depth of Johnston’s genius, which had been partially obscured for over half a century.

Questions 27-40

Questions 27-31
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Hidcote Manor Garden is now operated by the National Trust. While it had very few visitors in its first year, it is now a 27....................., generating close to a million pounds per year. The garden was designed by Lawrence Johnston, who moved there with his 28...................... Johnston’s mother was supportive but also 29...................... of his costly gardening projects. Despite this, he managed to complete the garden’s design with her 30...................... and inspiration. By the 1930s, his work was considered equal to that of the creators of the garden at 31......................

Questions 32-36
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
Write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Graham Thomas had access to Johnston's original plans when he began his work.

2. Thomas kept the underlying layout of avenues and rooms unchanged.

3. Russell Page believed the summer house was one of the least interesting parts of Hidcote.

4. Thomas removed the summer house because he thought it was unsafe.

5. The public after 1949 primarily saw flower arrangements designed by Thomas.

Questions 37-40
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

1. What did the head gardener ask for from his audience during his lectures?

2. Where were Johnston's missing papers discovered?

3. What did the rediscovered papers include, besides planting lists?

4. Which two continents did Johnston travel to for collecting plants?

27. masterpiece
28. widowed mother
29. fearful
30. guidance
31. Sissinghurst
32. FALSE
33. TRUE
34. FALSE
35. FALSE
36. TRUE
37. memories
38. attic
39. sketches
40. China and South Africa

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