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READING PASSAGE 2

Why was he so smart?

Parts of Albert Einstein's brain provide us with an insight into his brilliance

A
general theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement he is widely regarded as a genius, but how did he get that way? Many researchers have assumed that it took foundation of modern physics. A study of 14 newly-discovered photographs of Einstein's brain, which was preserved for study after his death, concludes it was indeed unusual in many ways. But researchers still do not know exactly how the brain's extra folds and convolutions translated into Einstein's amazing abilities.

B
The story of Einstein's brain began in 1955 when the Nobel-prize-winning physicist died in New Jersey, at 76. His son Hans Albert gave the examining pathologist Thomas Harvey permission to preserve the brain for scientific study. Harvey photographed the brain and then cut it into 240 blocks, which were embedded in a substance called resin. He cut the blocks into and photographs of the brain were made available to at least 18 researchers around the world. Apart from the slides carried by Harvey himself, no one is sure where all the specimens are now.

C
Harvey noticed immediately that Einstein had no parietal operculum (part of the ‘lid' of the brain) in either hemisphere. It became immediately clear that Einstein's brain grew in an interesting way. Despite this, only six peer-reviewed publications resulted from these scattered specimens. Some of these studies did find interesting features in Einstein's brain, including a greater density of neurons in some parts and a higher-than-usual ratio of the brain's glia (cells that help neurons to transmit nerve impulses) to neurons. Two studies of the brain's anatomy, including one published in 2009 by anthropologist Dean Falk of Florida State University in the US, found that Einstein's parietal lobes – possibly linked to his remarkable ability to conceptualise physics problems – had an unusual pattern of grooves and ridges. >> 🔥 Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

D
But the analysis was based on only a handful of photographs that had been previously made available to Harvey, who died in 2007. In 2010, Harvey's heirs agreed to transfer all of his specimens to the US Army's National Museum of Health and Medicine in Maryland, in the hope that future researchers could discover the secrets behind Einstein's genius. For a new study, published in the journal Brain, Falk and his team worked with Adrianne Noe, director of the museum, to analyse 14 photographs of the whole brain that had never before been made public.

E
Falk's team analysed Einstein's brain, and then set the data against studies of 85 other humans already described in the scientific literature, and found that the great physicist did have something special between his ears. Although the brain, weighing 1230 grams, is average in weight, several areas had an extraordinary complexity of convolutions, which contributed to his mental brilliance. The researchers also found unusual features in the frontal lobes and the somatosensory and motor cortices, areas responsible for planning and attention, as well as touch and movement.

Questions 14-20

Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

List of Headings

i. Initial research is disputed
ii. Research findings from the initial allocation of material taken from Einstein's brain
iv. Similarities in brains are common within families
v. Material collected from Einstein's brain is prepared and distributed; Einstein's brilliance was partly a result of self-development
vi. The limits to which brain training can affect brain function
vii. Researchers obtain access to previously unreleased material
viii. Making comparisons with existing brain analyses
x. Outstanding scientific achievements arouse interest in Einstein's brain >> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online]

Questions 21-24

Look at the following statements (Questions 21-24) and the list of researchers below.

Match each statement with the correct researcher, A, B or C.

Write the correct letter, A, B or C, in boxes 21-24 on your answer sheet.

1. Einstein's brilliance is yet to be fully explained.
2. Areas in one part of Einstein's brain were bigger than usual.
3. Einstein's brain lacked a feature typical of most brains. >> 🔥 IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?   

14. x
15. v
16. ii
17. vii
18. viii
19. B
20. C
21. A
22. C

23. A

24. C

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