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III. Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?: Đề thi thật IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Recent Actual Test)
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on pages 6 and 7
Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?
The latest in a conflicting series of studies suggests calorie restriction could potentially slow ageing in humans
A Calorie restriction, or 'semi-starvation' as some refer to it, has been proven to extend lifespan in many living organisms from yeast to mice, but the picture for primates, including humans, is not so clear. Research published by a team at the University of Wisconsin in the United States shows that rhesus monkeys also live longer on a calorie-restricted diet. But those findings disagree with research by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in Maryland, also in the United States. Rozalyn Anderson, of the Wisconsin team, says the research is not intended as a recommendation of calorie restriction. 'I find the idea monumentally unattractive!' she says. 'We study it because it is so effective at delaying ageing and the onset of age-related disease. It's a way to tease Out What it is that creates increased disease vulnerability as a function of age’
B Both groups started long-term trials on rhesus monkeys in the late 1980s to determine whether calorie restriction would extend the lifespan of primates. In mice many experiments had come to the same finding: feed them a diet with 30% fewer calories and see a lifespan extension of 40%. The monkey trials were set up a similar way: researchers took the calorie content of a standard monkey diet, cut it by 30% (while continuing to supply all essential nutrients) and monitored whether those monkeys lived longer, healthier lives than those on the standard diet.
C In 2009, with the monkeys approaching old age, preliminary findings of the two trials started coming in. For the Wisconsin monkeys, calorie restriction seemed to be working. Compared to well-fed control animals, the lean monkeys were living longer and suffering less from the diseases of ageing: diabetes, heart disease and brain diseases. However, in 2012 the NIA results emerged with a dramatically different conclusion: their monkeys were not living any longer than the controls, although they were healthier.>> tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?
D The Wisconsin group's latest results confirm that their calorie restricted monkeys are living longer than the controls. They also offer a possible explanation of why the two groups' findings don't agree and that lies in the treatment of the control group. The Wisconsin study began with monkeys in early adulthood. Initially, all the monkeys were allowed to eat as much as they liked. A few months into the trial, the monkeys were placed into one of two groups: the controls (who continued to be fed as much as they wished) and the calorie-restricted monkeys (who were given an individualised diet of 30% less than they were previously eating).
E The NIA study differed in two ways. First, the control group of monkeys were not allowed to eat as much as they wished. They were given a diet considered to represent a normal calorie count, while the calorie-restricted monkeys were fed 30% less than that. Second, whereas the Wisconsin monkeys were given highly processed food high in sucrose, making it easy to standardise, the NIA diet was based on whole grains, fish oils, and was very low in sugar. These different settings for the normal control diet may provide an explanation of why the two groups showed different results.
F The Wisconsin group may in effect have studied the effects of 'overeating'. Their control animals weighed up to 10% more than average for their age and gender. Compared to them, the calorie- restricted animals not only suffered fewer diseases, they lived longer. Julie Mattison, head of the NIA study observes that an overweight person who goes to a fast food restaurant every day will obviously benefit if their calories are cut back by 30%.
Questions 14 - 19
Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A- I.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-I, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.
14 a reference to studies based on the same level of calorie reduction with different animals
15 a comment that some control monkeys in one study reached a higher age than normal for animals of their kind
16 distinctions between the types of food in each study that may have led to a contrast in findings
17 examples of health problems which monkeys on calorie-restricted diets were less likely to get
18 a researcher's negative opinion of a calorie-restricted diet
19 a reference to the stage in the monkeys' lives at which research commenced in one study
IV. Dịch bài đọc Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?
V. Giải thích từ vựng Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?
VI. Giải thích cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?
VII. Đáp án Will Eating Less Make You Live Longer?
B
F
E
C
A
D
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