IELTS TUTOR cung cấp Nanotechnology: the science of the very small Đề luyện tập IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Practice Test) - Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó & GIẢI ĐÁP ÁN VỚI LOCATION
I. Kiến thức liên quan
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III. Nanotechnology: the science of the very small: Đề luyện tập IELTS READING (IELTS Reading Practice Test)
Read the text below and answer questions 14-26.
Nanotechnology: the science of the very small
A Nanoscience and nanotechnology have become very fashionable in recent times. Their prominence has inspired science fiction and raised a lot of hope and hype about the possibilities. But what exactly is nanotechnology? Most definitions agree that it is the manufacture of structures that measure up to 100 nanometres (nm). The diameter of an atom is typically only two or three tenths of a nanometre while that of a human hair is around 1,000,000 nm. Essentially, we are now able to build new structures from atoms and molecules as if we were using the bricks of a children's construction toy.
B The idea of manipulating matter at the atomic level was first proposed by physicist Richard Feynman in a famous 1959 lecture entitled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom." Feynman envisioned a future in which machines could build smaller machines, which could in turn build even smaller machines, until we reached the molecular scale. However, it was not until the 1980s that the necessary tools became available. The invention of the scanning tunnelling microscope in 1981 allowed scientists to see individual atoms for the first time, and later to move them around. This marked the birth of nanotechnology as a practical field.
C Today, nanotechnology is already used in hundreds of products. Sunscreens containing nanoparticles of zinc oxide or titanium dioxide are transparent on the skin while still blocking ultraviolet radiation. Stain-resistant fabrics use nanoscale fibres that repel liquids. Tennis balls with nanoclay linings retain their bounce longer. In medicine, nanoparticles are being developed to deliver drugs directly to cancer cells, minimising damage to healthy tissue. In electronics, nanoscale components allow ever smaller and more powerful computer chips. The list of applications grows longer every year.
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D One of the most promising areas of nanotechnology is in materials science. By manipulating structure at the nanoscale, researchers can create materials with entirely new properties. Carbon nanotubes, for example, are hollow cylinders of carbon atoms that are stronger than steel but much lighter. They conduct electricity better than copper and conduct heat better than diamond. Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, is another wonder material with extraordinary strength and conductivity. These materials may revolutionise everything from aircraft design to energy storage.
E Despite the excitement, nanotechnology also raises concerns. Because nanoparticles are so small, they can enter the body through the lungs, skin, or digestive tract. Some studies have suggested that certain nanoparticles may be toxic to living cells. There are also worries about environmental impact: nanoparticles released into water or soil could affect ecosystems in ways we do not yet understand. Regulators are struggling to keep pace with the rapid development of nanotechnology, and there is ongoing debate about how best to ensure its safe use.
F Ethical and social questions also arise. If nanotechnology enables radical life extension through cellular repair, who will have access to such treatments? Will it widen the gap between rich and poor? Could self-replicating nanobots escape from the laboratory and consume everything in their path – the so-called "grey goo" scenario? While most scientists dismiss this as science fiction, the concerns reflect a deeper unease about technologies that give humans power over the fundamental building blocks of matter.
G Governments around the world have invested heavily in nanotechnology research. The United States, Japan, China, and European nations have all established major funding programmes. The global market for nanotechnology products is expected to reach trillions of dollars in the coming decades. Yet some critics argue that the hype has outstripped the reality. Many promised applications have yet to materialise, and the path from laboratory discovery to commercial product is often longer and more difficult than anticipated.
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H Looking ahead, nanotechnology is likely to become as pervasive as plastics are today. It will transform medicine, energy, computing, and manufacturing in ways we can barely imagine. But realising that potential will require not only scientific breakthroughs but also careful attention to safety, ethics, and public engagement. The science of the very small has very large implications indeed.
Questions 14 – 16
Complete the summary below. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 14–16 on your answer sheet.
Nanotechnology
In the same way that a child may use 14 __________ to build structures by combining the smallest particles, scientists are now able to create new structures at the atomic level. We can fully appreciate the microcosmic scale of this work by comparing the 15 __________ of one atom with that of a single human hair. The invention of the scanning tunnelling microscope in 1981 allowed scientists to 16 __________ individual atoms for the first time.
Questions 17–21
Reading Passage 2 has eight paragraphs, A–H.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A–H, in boxes 17–21 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
examples of products that already use nanotechnology
concerns about the safety of nanoparticles entering the body
the first proposal of the idea of manipulating matter at the atomic level
a description of carbon nanotubes and their properties
predictions about the future market value of nanotechnology >> 🔥 IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?
Questions 22–26
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 22–26 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
The diameter of a human hair is approximately 100 nanometres.
Richard Feynman's 1959 lecture inspired the invention of the scanning tunnelling microscope.
Nanoparticles in sunscreens can help block ultraviolet radiation.
All scientists agree that self-replicating nanobots are a serious threat.
The development of nanotechnology has been slower than some predictions suggested.
IV. Dịch bài đọc Nanotechnology: the science of the very small
V. Giải thích từ vựng Nanotechnology: the science of the very small
VI. Giải thích cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó Nanotechnology: the science of the very small
VII. Đáp án Nanotechnology: the science of the very small
14. bricks
15. diameter
16. see
17. C
18. E
19. B
20. D
21. G
22. FALSE
23. NOT GIVEN
24. TRUE
25. FALSE
26. TRUE
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