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Part 1

Read the text below and answer questions 1-13.

The Dunedin Study

The Dunedin Study is one of the world's longest-running and most influential longitudinal research projects, tracking the lives of a single group of people from birth into adulthood. It began in the early 1970s in Dunedin, a small city on the South Island of New Zealand, and has continued for more than five decades. Over this period, the study has provided valuable insights into human health, behaviour and development across the entire lifespan.

The study originally enrolled 1,037 babies born at Queen Mary Hospital in Dunedin between April 1972 and March 1973. These children were first assessed at the age of three, and the research team has continued to assess them at regular intervals ever since – at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 21, 26, 32, 38, and most recently at age 45. Remarkably, the study has retained more than 90% of the original participants, an extraordinary achievement in longitudinal research. Many participants now travel back to Dunedin from around the world for each assessment phase, demonstrating their commitment to the project.

The scope of the Dunedin Study is exceptionally broad. Researchers have collected data on virtually every aspect of human life: physical health, mental health, personality, cognitive abilities, family relationships, education, employment, and social behaviour. Participants have undergone physical examinations, dental checks, lung function tests, and brain scans. They have completed questionnaires about their life satisfaction, relationships, and experiences. They have provided blood samples for genetic analysis. This wealth of data has made the study a unique resource for understanding how early life experiences shape later outcomes. >> 🔥 Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

One of the most famous findings from the Dunedin Study concerns the development of self-control. Researchers found that children with low self-control at age three were more likely to experience health problems, financial difficulties, and criminal behaviour as adults. This finding held true even after accounting for differences in intelligence and social background. It suggested that teaching self-control skills in early childhood could have lifelong benefits. Another important discovery related to ageing: the study showed that biological ageing begins earlier than previously thought, with signs of decline detectable in some people as young as 26.

The study has also made major contributions to understanding mental illness. By following the same individuals over time, researchers could distinguish between temporary difficulties and persistent problems. They identified that most people who experience mental health problems do so at some point in their lives, but that the minority with persistent problems account for a disproportionate share of the burden on health services. This finding has influenced mental health policy in New Zealand and elsewhere.

In the realm of genetics, the Dunedin Study has been at the forefront of research into gene-environment interactions. By combining genetic data with detailed life histories, researchers have shown that genetic predispositions often only lead to problems in combination with environmental stressors. For example, individuals with a particular variant of a gene involved in serotonin transport were more likely to become depressed, but only if they had experienced stressful life events. This helped resolve the long-standing debate about whether depression is "genetic" or "environmental" – it is both.

The study's influence extends far beyond New Zealand. Its findings have been published in leading scientific journals and have informed policy in areas such as child welfare, education, criminal justice, and health care. Governments and international organisations have drawn on its results to design interventions aimed at improving life outcomes for vulnerable children. The study has also trained generations of researchers who have gone on to lead similar projects in other countries.

As the original participants enter their fifties, the Dunedin Study is entering a new phase. Researchers are now focusing on ageing and the transition to later life. They are studying how the experiences of midlife – work stress, relationships, health behaviours – influence health and well-being in old age. They are also beginning to study the children of the original participants, creating a third generation of data that will allow even deeper insights into how traits and conditions are passed down through families. >> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online]

The success of the Dunedin Study rests on several factors: the stability of the research team, the commitment of the participants, and the vision of its founders. It stands as a testament to the value of long-term investment in research and to the power of following a single group of people through the twists and turns of their lives.

Questions 1-6

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1–6 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

1. Many participants travel back to Dunedin for each assessment phase.

2. The study originally enrolled more than 2,000 babies born in Dunedin.

3. The study has retained less than 50% of the original participants.

4. Researchers found that self-control at age three predicts adult outcomes.

5. The study showed that biological ageing begins after age 40.

6. The study's findings have influenced policy in several countries.

Questions 7-10

Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 7–10 on your answer sheet. >> 🔥 IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?

1. Participants have undergone physical examinations, dental checks, and __________ scans.

2. Children with low __________ at age three were more likely to have problems as adults.

3. The study helped resolve the debate about whether depression is genetic or __________.

4. Researchers are now beginning to study the __________ of the original participants.

Questions 11-13

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.
Write your answers in boxes 11–13 on your answer sheet.

1. How many participants were originally enrolled in the Dunedin Study?
   A. 1,037
   B. 2,000
   C. 500
   D. 45

2. What did the study find about mental health problems?
   A. Most people never experience mental health problems.
   B. Only a small number of people experience any mental health problems.
   C. A minority with persistent problems account for most of the burden on health services.
   D. Mental health problems are usually temporary and resolve without treatment.

3. What factor has contributed to the success of the Dunedin Study?
   A. Large government funding
   B. The stability of the research team
   C. The diversity of the original participants
   D. International media attention

1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. FALSE
6. TRUE
7. brain
8. self-control
9. environmental
10. children
11. A
12. C
13. B

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