IELTS TUTOR cung cấp 🔥The hazards of multitasking Answers with location - Đề luyện tập IELTS READING- Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó

📩 MN AI CHƯA CÓ ĐÁP ÁN FORECAST QUÝ MỚI PART 1-2-3 NHẮN ZL 0905834420 IELTS TUTOR GỬI FREE HẾT NHA

READING PASSAGE 3

*You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on pages 10 and 11.*

The hazards of multitasking

Doing more than one thing at once – is it always a good idea?

You arrive at the office, review your to-do list and start to feel a headache coming on. You resolve to tackle the items as quickly as possible. While you answer email, you listen to a voice message from a co-worker. Then your manager comes in with an urgent query, just when a very important customer calls. With the receiver held between your shoulder and your ear, you continue adding up the sales totals until, 15 minutes later, you finally manage politely to get rid of the client. You’ve been multitasking again.

You may believe that anyone who wants to get ahead today should master the art of multitasking. However, a recent study by the Families and Work Institute in New York City has found that 45 per cent of US workers believe they are asked or expected to work on too many tasks at once. Managers may be surprised to learn that multitasking results in inefficiency, careless thinking and mistakes – not to mention the possible dangers of divided attention for drivers, air traffic controllers, and others who handle machinery.

How can a time management strategy that has become part of the common wisdom actually be so wrong? Exploring that question requires a look at an area of consciousness research that examines how the brain focuses attention. One of the modern cornerstones of current knowledge of multitasking was laid in 1935, when the psychologist John R Ridley Stroop reported that processing information from one task could cause interference with another. Stroop noticed that when study participants were asked to name the colour of a word – such as ‘green’ printed in a different colour – they experienced a delay. This phenomenon is thought to occur when two tasks get tangled; the brain must suppress one that has been learned so well that it has become automatic (reading), to attend to a second task that requires concentration (naming the colour). >> 🔥 Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

During the past couple of decades, psychologists have probed more deeply into the nature and limitations of multitasking. Psychologist and brain researcher Ernst Pöppel, of the Ludwig Maximilian University in Munich, believes that it is impossible to carry out two or three different tasks simultaneously with the same degree of concentration. He says that seemingly simultaneous awareness and processing of information actually takes place in three-second windows. In these three-second segments, the brain takes in, as a block, all the data about the environment streaming in from the sensory systems; subsequent events are processed in the next window. So a person can concentrate on a conversation for three seconds, then on a different task for three seconds. While one subject at a time occupies the foreground of consciousness, the others stay in the background until they, in turn, are given access to the central processor.

Another experiment by psychologist David E Meyer, of the University of Michigan, demonstrates how time is lost while juggling tasks. The researchers asked test participants to write a report and check their email at the same time. Those individuals who constantly jumped back and forth between the two tasks took about one and a half times as long to finish as those who completed one job before turning to the other. Each switchover from one task to another meant rethinking, and thus involved additional neural resources. In effect, the brain needs time to shut off the rules for one task and to turn on the rules for another. Multitasking saves time only when it is a matter of relaxed, routine tasks, Meyer says. It also takes the brain longer to adapt when switching back to an interrupted task, rather than waiting longer before switching back.

By its nature multitasking is stressful, and the area in the brain most involved with multitasking is also most affected by the resulting stress. Located behind the forehead, the prefrontal cortex, which neuroscientists call the ‘executive part’ of the brain, helps us to assess tasks, prioritise them and assign mental resources. It also marks the spot at which a task has been interrupted, so that we can return to it later. This stress can also affect brain cells in another region, the hippocampus, which is important for forming new memories; damage in that area also makes it difficult for a person to acquire new skills.

Psychiatrists Edward Hallowell and John Ratey, of Harvard University, say that multitasking can bring about a brain condition that causes sufferers to constantly seek new information while having difficulties concentrating on its content. All in all, it may be wise to let the email wait while you work on your presentation. You will save time and perform each task better.

>> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online]

Questions 27-31

*Look at the following theories (Questions 27-31) and the list of people below. Match each theory with the correct person or people A, B, C or D.*

*Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.*

NB You may use any letter more than once.

List of People

• A John Ridley Stroop

• B Ernst Pöppel

• C Edward Hallowell & John Ratey

• D David E Meyer

>> 🔥 IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?   
Questions 32-34

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

*Write the correct letter in boxes 32-34 on your answer sheet.*

32 What is suggested about the worker in the opening paragraph?

• A Anxiety deprived him of sleep the previous night.

• B He feels overwhelmed by his workload.

• C His manager has expressed disapproval.

• D He finds his work dull and uninteresting.

33 Drivers and air traffic controllers are mentioned in the passage because they

• A need to perform several tasks at once.

• B are unable to maintain concentration.

• C use their time efficiently.

• D cannot afford to make mistakes.

34 In John Ridley Stroop’s experiment, participants found it difficult to

• A decide what colour looks most appropriate for a particular word.

• B identify the colour of a word that has a different meaning.

• C name a colour while trying to read a word.

• D read a word while trying to name a different colour.

Questions 35-39

Complete the summary below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

*Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.*

The state of multitasking has been shown to affect parts of the brain. The 35 _______________ is the area that neuroscientists call the ‘36 _______________’ of the brain. This region helps us to order tasks and decide where to direct our mental energy. It is also the part of the brain that records where a task was 37 _______________ so that we can resume it later. Another part of the brain that is affected is called the 38 _______________ . If this area is harmed, it becomes hard for a person to learn 39 _______________ .

Question 40

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.

40 What is the writer’s purpose in Reading Passage 3?

• A to prove that multitasking is a useful skill in the modern world

• B to show that the dangers of multitasking may be reduced

• C to investigate the role of multitasking in the workplace

• D to explain why multitasking is not as efficient as it may appear

27. B
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. B
33. D
34. C
35. prefrontal cortex
36. executive part
37. interrupted
38. hippocampus
39. new skills
40. D

📩 MN AI CHƯA CÓ ĐÁP ÁN FORECAST QUÝ MỚI PART 1-2-3 NHẮN ZL 0905834420 IELTS TUTOR GỬI FREE HẾT NHA

Các khóa học IELTS online 1 kèm 1 - 100% cam kết đạt target 6.0 - 7.0 - 8.0 - Đảm bảo đầu ra - Thi không đạt, học lại FREE

>> IELTS Intensive Writing

>> IELTS Intensive Speaking

>> IELTS Intensive Listening

>> IELTS Intensive Reading

>> IELTS Cấp tốc

>> IELTS General

>> Thành tích học sinh IELTS TUTOR với hàng ngàn feedback được cập nhật hàng ngày