🔥Farming in Dorado Answers with location - Đề thi thật IELTS READING- Làm bài online format computer-based, kèm đáp án, dịch & giải thích từ vựng - cấu trúc ngữ pháp khó

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Farming in Dorado

A
Dorado is best known for its stunning archaeological sites, but the ancient people who built these marvels were also among the world's first accomplished farmers, growing a diverse range of native crops. Where climate and terrain posed a significant challenge, their engineering foreshadowed contemporary farming methods with astonishing success. Extensive terracing with built-in irrigation and drainage systems turned steep hillsides into workable farmlands, which were fertilised with manure from llama and alpaca herds. Up to 15 million people were fed under these farming systems, and an elaborate road system allowed transport of food throughout the region.

B
Today the descendants of the original architects and agriculturalists still farm the Doradian highlands, growing many of the same crops, the majority of which remain unknown outside the area. Some of the challenges that faced their forebears, such as erratic rainfall and difficult terrain, still hold, but a lack of support for rural development is the main factor that has reduced this once proud people to barely scraping a livelihood from the land. Most are smallholder farmers, struggling to grow enough food for their families. Today, these impoverished farmers and their families still have no, or very limited, access to education and health services, good transport, financial services, and basic farming needs like quality seed. It is moot whether they could afford these things anyway if they were available.

The potato is the most important food security crop, and over 4,000 different varieties are known. Other crops include roots and tubers like yacon, oca, and maca, and grains such as quinoa at higher altitudes. Maize and vegetables are grown at lower altitudes, and, lower still, a range of tropical crops are cultivated. Indeed, the marked variations in elevation and microclimate, and the efforts of farmers over thousands of years, have made this one of the world's most important centres of plant domestication; potatoes, maize, peppers, cotton, and cassava are just some of the crops that this region has given to the world.

D
Things are rather different for Doradians farming the coastal region to the west of the mountains. Traditionally popular with beach-seeking tourists, the area is desert, with almost no rainfall year-round. However, it is surprisingly the most agriculturally productive area in Dorado, generating an estimated 50 per cent of the gross agricultural product from an area that comprises just 4 per cent of the national land total. The secret is elaborate irrigation systems, some built thousands of years ago, that exploit the many small rivers running from the mountains to the ocean. Flat land, good temperatures all year round, and plenty of guano and fishmeal fertilisers from the nearby coast have also contributed to the farming success of the region. Nevertheless, the fortunes of the coastal farmers have fluctuated over the years. Before the Land Reform Act of 1972, about 80 per cent of the farmland in this region was owned by a small number of wealthy families. The Act transferred ownership to cooperatives comprising the former employees, but this measure created its own problems, among them a lack of individual incentives, and in many cases productivity fell. At the beginning of the 1980s, the land was mostly converted into individual holdings, which has allowed farmers to seek and benefit from new opportunities.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

E
Meanwhile, the population in the coastal region has been increasing rapidly, with more than 50 per cent of Dorado's population now living in cities in this region. Farmers have diversified to supply these urban markets with products such as meat, but at the same time they have looked outside the country for other lucrative options. Asparagus, with its high international demand and high prices, has proved an astute choice, bringing about US$206 million into the country in 2003 and displacing coffee, sugarcane, and cotton as Dorado's leading agriculture exports. Year-round asparagus production has provided the competitive advantage for Dorado, but the market is thought to have reached a mature point, with demand unlikely to increase dramatically in the coming years.

F
Dorado's third main eco-region comprises the lush eastern slopes of the central mountain range, with their cascading rivers, huge meandering waterways, and dense jungle. And here again, life is very different. The people have traditionally lived in small villages, fishing the rivers, hunting, farming by slash-and-burn methods, and accumulating knowledge of the medicinal properties of the plants. The tremendous natural wealth of the region, which covers 63 per cent of Dorado, has long been recognised and frequently exploited. Gold and rubber have had their day, unsustainable logging of hardwood species is an ongoing issue, and natural gas is the latest controversial forest extract. The plan is to transfer the large gas reserves by pipeline to the west coast cities, and also potentially outside Dorado. The problem is the environmental damage caused by construction of the pipeline.

G
Many Doradian politicians come to power largely on the strength of promises to help the rural poor, but so far the majority of the promised actions have failed to materialise. Doradian farmers depend on legislation passed in the parliament, and they are susceptible to proposed commitments. Once in power, however, the politicians rarely show the same interest in their agricultural supporters as when they are canvassing. The fickleness of politicians does not lessen the impact of government legislation, and farming profits depend on fuel, seed, and fertiliser prices and minimum wage settings.

Questions 7-14

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In answer boxes 7-14, write:

• TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

• FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

• NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the reading passage

1. The ancestors of the Doradians were only able to use flat areas in mountain regions for farming.

2. Previous generations of Doradians used waste from animals to enrich the soil.

3. The specific Doradian microclimate is also found in other mountain areas with similar elevation.

4. The Doradian farm district with the highest agricultural yields is in an unexpected area.

5. Doradian farming has adapted to local demographic changes.

6. In the past, Doradian governments have accepted bribes to issue international company contracts.

7. Natural gas resources are now being shipped abroad.

8. Doradian seed prices have fluctuated widely in recent years.

• FALSE

• TRUE

• NOT GIVEN

• TRUE

• TRUE

• NOT GIVEN

• FALSE

• NOT GIVEN

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