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PASSAGE 2

Read the text and answer questions 14–26

Playing with science

Is science always a serious matter? No, says Pierre Laszlo, who believes that scientists are often just like children at play.

A The connection between science and play is not often discussed, perhaps because scientists take it for granted, or because they are a time self-conscious about it and therefore try to hide it. In this context, play might describe a number of different activities. Play might involve the exploration of new ideas for everyday objects just for curiosity; it could also include word jokes, or the playing of jokes or tricks upon other scientists. The element of play in science is thus an elusive and difficult topic, but it is fundamental to the experience of scientists.

B One example of this connection is the jigsaw puzzle. Such puzzles present their players with two-dimensional fragments, each with a characteristic shape, from which to reconstruct an overall picture. Question the solution of a scientific problem has many similarities to completing a jigsaw puzzle. The scientists inspect each piece of data for a possible fit with its neighbours and, bit by bit, construct a whole argument. People who are good at jigsaw puzzles are able to guess while piece will fit even before trying it. In the same way, the best scientists are those who make the best guesses.>> Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

C But scientists do not play only at out-guessing each other, or at putting together pieces to complete a puzzle. They also regard their work as ‘playing’ with ‘toyst’. Joseph Lambert, a professor of chemistry at Northwestern University in the US, shed some light on this tendency. In a letter he wrote the following:

When I grew up, every kid put in some serious sandbox time, and it often involved building... complex sand structures around which fantasies were composed... The organic chemistry labs at Yale, and chemical transformations took place... The colours were pleasant, and the were fun in the same way. We mixed things up. Physical process of working with our hands, as with sand, was satisfying... by the end of the year, I knew that I wanted to be an organic chemist, as I realised one could play in the sandbox for a living.

D Another reason for scientists' playfulness is that they are often called upon to act as teachers. They must therefore be able to communicate with children and to understand their way of thinking. This can lead to a two-way process, with children asking questions that can prompt a scientist to see things in a new light. Indeed, some scientists have admitted that a child's innocent question had in fact triggered a new line of research.

E Playful behaviour can also take the form of tricks or hoaxes. One such trick was played at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in the 1990s. A physicist there had been reading the private mail of his colleagues. To catch him, they created a fake document, supposedly an email between two other scientists, which described a remarkable new discovery. The document was a complete fabrication, but it was made to look like a printout of a real email. The physicist took the bait and started telling people about this amazing new finding. He was thus exposed as the person who had been reading the private correspondence.

F Another story involves a famous observatory. The story goes that a prominent scientist was visiting the observatory and, after a meal, pocketed a plate as a souvenir. The plate was said to be a valuable historical artifact. Years later, the observatory received a letter from the scientist's family, who had found the plate among his belongings after his death and wanted to return it. The director of the observatory was delighted to have the artifact back. However, a careful examination of the plate revealed that it was not the original. It was, in fact, a replica that had been made by friends of the director as a joke. They had planted the fake plate to see if the story of the stolen plate would be believed, and it was.

Questions 14–20

The text has six paragraphs, A–F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A–F, in boxes 14–20 on your answer sheet.

14. a comparison between doing a jigsaw and doing research
15. a description of a trick designed to identify someone
16. the reason a scientist decided on his career
17. a reference to why scientists might not talk about their playfulness
18. an account of a hoax involving a copied object
19. a statement that playing is an essential part of being a scientist
20. an example of how a conversation with a child can influence a scientist

Questions 21–22

Choose TWO correct answers.

Which TWO of the following reasons are given as possible explanations of scientists play behaviour?

Write the correct letters in boxes 21 and 22 on your answer sheet.

A Play may provide relief from their work.
B Scientists sometimes spend time as teachers.
C The age of scientists predisposes them to play.
D Scientists get ideas from children’s questions.>> IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?
E Scientists are secretive about their work.

Questions 23–26

Complete the summary below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 23–26 on your answer sheet.

Scientists play tricks

The passage gives two examples of tricks arising from the playfulness of scientists. Researchers at Caltech found that a colleague had been reading their 23 ______________ and used a hoax involving a fake NMR spectrum to trap the offender. Another story concerns a plate within a famous 24 ______________. It is said to have been left behind on a visit to California.

The 25 ______________ that the plate was made of later revealed that it was a fake, a hoax carried out by friends of the director of the 26 ______________.

• B

• E

• C

• A

• F

• A

• D
  21–22. B, D

• private mail

• observatory

• examination

• observatory

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