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The Origin and Development of Applause

Paragraph 1 Whether you clap, cheer or white a great public performance, you are following along tradition. Scholars aren't quite sure about the origins of aplause, but the form that is still most common, clapping the hands together, was formalized in Watering and after performances. During the time of the Roman Republic (509C-27BC) the common way to end a play was for the chief actor to yell "Valet par (Goodbye and applause) thus signaling to the sunce that it was time for them to give praise by striking hands and making exp no surprise, then that this became a means of crowd manipulationRome saw the rise of profesional clas of ludice, or people who clapped for their dinner, hired to infitate crowds and manipulate their reaction to performances Actors would hire a dozen or so people to spread out among
their audiences and prolong the applause, or, if they were feeling expecially bold, to start spontaneous chants and shouts of prais

Paragraph 2 The Roman Republic came to an end and was replaced by the Roman Empire (27 DC-476 AD) where aple became a way for leaders to interact directly with their citizens. One of the chief methods they used to eat their standing with the people was gauging the greetings they got when they entered the area Leaders became a reading the volume, the rhythm, and the length of the crowd's claps for clues about how wel they were doing as officals and wakers. We should think of it as an ancient type of opinion pol," says Greg Aldrete, a professor of history.
"This is how you gauge the people. Roman leaders are gathering data about people by listening to aplause

Paragraph 3 Clever leaders of the ancient world researched their rivals, too. Cicero, the Roman lawyer, would send friends to stand around outside the arena, taking notes to see what kind of greating each official got when he entered, the beer to see who was beloved by the people, and who was
not. They had a lot of information to asess. Ancient crowds were more interactive than they are today Aldre points out. There was alot of back and forth between speakers and crowds. And particularly in the Greco-Roman world, crowds, especially in cities, were really good at communicating
mesages through mythmic claping sometimes coupled with shouts. The coding was, he says, invaluable when asesing area's fortunes >> 🔥 Form đăng kí giải đề thi thật IELTS 4 kĩ năng kèm bài giải bộ đề 100 đề PART 2 IELTS SPEAKING quý đang thi (update hàng tuần) từ IELTS TUTOR

Paragraph 4 Around the first centuries AD, the terms of apple became more and more elaborate. Applause no longer meant, simply, 'caps'. While Greco-Roman audiences certainly macked their pair together the same way we do today, their overall strategies of apple much
more varied than clapping alone. Crowds expressed degrees of approval of the person or persons before them, ranging from caps, to snaps of the finger and thumb), to waves (of the edge of the toga. The emperor Aurelian decided to replace this gesture by waving a special handkerchief
prop which he then distributed to all Romances, so they would never be without a way to praise him.

Paragraph 5 Athough style of applause may have changed over the centuries, the need to manipulate remained 16th-century French post Jean Duracredited with bringing back the Roman practice of hiring professional aplauders. In France, this group became known as aqueou
handed out Sckets to his own performances to people who promised to applaud at the end. By the early 1820s, claques had become instituted with an agency in Paris specializing in the distribution of the claqueuserviss. The historian William B. Chen describes the intricate price list
agencies of this kind would hand out to potential patrons polite clapping would cost this many francs, enthusiastic applause would cost this many. The claques underwent kind of classifcator: the reurs (aughers) would laugh loudly at the jokes; the pleurus (cries) would fin
reaction to performances; the commisies (oficers) would learn a play or a piece of music by heart and then call atention to its best parts. The practice spread to Milan, to Vienna, and to London before falling out of fashion. The claque lost its power once people became aware of its tricks

Paragraph 6 And claping self evolved. In the 18th century, symphonies and concerts became more serious, aligning theives with the reverence and spirituality associated with religious ceremonies. Knowing when to maintainence, as well as when to clap, became a mark of sophistication a
kind of code for audiences to learn. Applause became a matter of door'dant, losing many old shades of meaning. Those changes changed performers, too. Aplause became much less of a true dialogue with an audience, especially so with opera, where the singers saw it as part of a basic >> 🔥 Nhắn zalo 0905834420 join group zalo Hóng đề thi máy 4 skills để cập nhật đề thi thật 4 kĩ năng hằng ngày [Kèm giải & đề làm online]
transaction with the crowd. So by the time the 19th century arived, applause had become standardized and adoled, and had become an expectation rather than thread it used to be

Paragraph 7 in the 21st century we're reinventing applause, to make it what it used to be a coded form of communication. More and more the digital world allows us to link and share through our devices. By connecting with others in this way, we became part of the performance by participating int
demonstrating our apreciation by amplifying and axanding the show through commenting and praising, but our kind of applausemates more now, in many ways, because it is no longer momentary and short-lived, but is far more permanent ind

Questions 14-20
The text has seven paragraphs. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list below.

List of Headings
A The use of applause by political figures to evaluate their own popularity
B A form of app that is more far-reaching than before
C The initial emergence of aplause as a behaviour in the theatre
D The diferent methods of aple employed in ancient times, besides claping
E The impact of musical performance on the equate of aplause
F The re-emergence and disappearance of fake appreciation
G The use of aplause in working out how popular an opponent was

14 Paragraph 1 ___
15 Paragraph 2 ___
16 Paragraph 3 ___
17 Paragraph 4 ___
18 Paragraph 5 ___
19 Paragraph 6 ___
20 Paragraph 7 ___ >> 🔥 IELTS TUTOR gợi ý tham khảo CẦN VIẾT & THU ÂM BAO NHIÊU BÀI ĐỂ ĐẠT 8.0 SPEAKING & 7.0 WRITING?

Questions 21-22
Which TWO of the following statements are true of the claque in France?
Write the two correct letters, A-E, in boxes 21-22.

A As a practice in France, it first appeared in the 18th century
B It did not become a widespread practice within France.
C The cost of hire depended on the fame of the client.
D Claqueurs were divided into diferent categories
E The practice did not extend beyond France to other countries

Questions 23-26
Complete the sentences.
Write ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.

23 In the 18th century, people could show their superiority by understanding when either __________ or applause was appropriate.

24 Performers in the 18th century, in particular those singing in the __________, no longer had a meaningful dangus with their audiences.

25 In the 19th century, applause was no longer ofered a __________ to performers.

26 Nowadays our expressions of approval are seen as __________ in comparison to the aplause of the past.

14. C

15. A

16. G

17. D

18. F

19. E

20. B

21. A

22. D

23. silence

24. opera

25. threat

26. permanent
 

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